Basic hydraulic fiiting

Lines
	-continuous line - flow line
	-dashed line - pilot, drain
	-envelope - long and short dashes around two or more component symbols.

Circular -large circle - pump, motor -small circle - Measuring devices -semi-circle - rotary actuator Square -one square - pressure control function -two or three adjacent squares - directional control Diamond -diamond - Fluid conditioner (filter, separator, lubricator, heat exchanger) Miscellaneous Symbols -Spring -Flow Restriction Triangle -solid - Direction of Hydraulic Fluid Flow -open - Direction of Pnematic flow Pumps and Compressors Fixed Displacement hydraulic pump -unidirectional -bidirectional Variable displacement hydraulic pump -unidirectional -bidirectional Compressor Motors Fixed displacement hydraulic motor -unidirectional -bidirectional Variable displacement hydraulic motor -unidirectional -bidirectional Pneumatic motor -unidirectional -bidirectional Rotary Actuator - hydraulic - pneumatic Cylinders Single acting cylinder -returned by external force -returned by spring or extended by spring force Double acting cylinders -single piston rod (fluid required to extend and retract) -double ended piston rod Cylinders with cushions - single fixed cushon - double fixed cushion - single adjustable cushion - double adjustable cushion Directional Control Valves Directional control valve (2 ports / 2 positions) -Normally closed directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions. -Normally open directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions. Directional control valve (3 ports / 2 positions) -Normally closed directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions. -Normally open directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions. Directional control valve (4 ports / 2 positions) -directional control valve with 4 ports and 2 finite postions Directional control valve (4 ports / 3 positions) -directional control valve with 4 ports and 3 finite postions *-(center position can have various flow paths) Directional control valve (5 ports / 2 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve -directional control valve with 5 ports and 2 finite postions Directional control valve (5 ports / 3 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve -directional control valve with 5 ports and 3 finite postions Proportional directional control valve Electro-hydraulic servo valve -The spool positions on these valves is variable allowing for variable flow conditions. -single-stage direct operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output -two-stage with mechnical feedback indirect pilot operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output Control Methods Manual Control -general symbol (without showing the control type) -pushbutton -lever -foot pedal Mechanical Control -plunger or tracer -spring -roller -roller(one direction only) Electrical Control -Solenoid (the one winding) Pilot Operation -pneumatic -hydraulic Pilot operated two-stage valve -Pneumatic: Sol first stage -Pneumatic: Air pilot second stage -Hydraulic: Sol first stage -Hydraulic: Hyd pilot second stage Check valves, Shuttle valves, Rapid Exhaust valves -check valve -free flow one direction, blocked flow in other direction -pilot operated check valve, pilot to close -pilot operated check valve, pilot to open Shuttle valve -to isolate one part of a system from an alternate part of circuit. Rapid exhaust valve/Pneumatic -installed close to an actuator for rapid movement of the actuator. Pressure Control Valves Pressure Relief Valve(safety valve) normally closed - line pressure is limited to the setting of the valve, secondary part is directed to tank. Proportional Pressure Relief - line pressure is limited to and proportional to an electronic signal Sequence Valve - when the line pressure reaches the setting of the valve, valve opens permitting flow to the secondary port. The pilot must be externally drained to tank. Pressure Reducing valve - pressure downstream of valve is limited to the setting of the valve Flow Control Valves Throttle valve -adjustable output flow Flow Control valve -with fixed output (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow) -with fixed output and relief port to reservoir with relief for excess flow (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow) -with variable output -fixed orifice -metered flow toward right free flow to left -pressure compensated flow control fixed output flow regardless of load -pressure and temperature compensated -with variable output and relief port to reservoir Flow dividing valve -flow is divided equally to two outputs. Shut-Off Valve -Simplified symbol Accumulators Filters, Water Traps, Lubricators and Miscellaneous Apparatus Filter or Strainer Water Trap -with manual drain -with automatic drained Filter with water trap -with manual drain -automatic drain Air Dryer refrigerant, or chemical removal of water from compressed air line Lubricator -oil vapor is indected into air line Conditioning unit -compound symbol of filter, regulator, lubricator unit -Simplified Symbol Heat Exchangers -air or water cooled unit designed to remove heat from oil returning to reservoir